Skráningarfærsla handrits

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AM 243 b alfa fol.

Speculum regale ; Norway, 1265-1285

Athugasemd
AM 243 bα fol. is the oldest preserved manuscript of Konungs skuggsjá or Speculum regale and is an educational handbook for young princes written as a dialogue between father and son. The manuscript is, however, missing the prologue.

Innihald

(1r-68v (s. 1-163))
Speculum regale
Titill í handriti

Sunr

Upphaf

Goðan dag |hærra minn.

Niðurlag

hværiu hann æigi at ſpara

Notaskrá

Brenner, Speculum regale

Finnur Jónsson, Konungs skuggsjá: Speculum regale

Flom, The Arnamagnean manuscript 243 B α, Folio

Holm-Olsen, Konungs skuggsiá 3-6, 6-9, 22-45, 47-84, 84-118, 122-124

Keyser et al., Speculum regale 1848 Ed. 2

Athugasemd

The text is starting on the second half of the first page. As the parchment in the top half is thinner than at the bottom half, it can be assumed that a part of the prologue on that page was rubbed out.

Tungumál textans
norræna

Lýsing á handriti

Blaðefni

Parchment + paper.

Blaðfjöldi
68 parchment leaves + 14 blank paper leaves. 278 mm x 213 mm.
Tölusetning blaða

Paginated 1-163 by Árni Magnússon.

Kveraskipan
In its present state the manuscript is made up of 10 quires (originally 11, as the second quire is lost). The quires each consisted of eight leaves except for the 11. quire which was originally consisting of six leaves.
Umbrot

Written in two columns with 30 lines per column. A few pages, however, have 29 or 31 lines per column.

Rubrics in red ink.

Red, green and blue initials and black versals.

Ástand

Lacuna due to lost leaves.

  • The three first leaves have been lost, apart from a small strip of the third leaf.
  • Lacuna on one leaf after fol. 21.
  • Lacunae on three leaves each, occur before and after fol. 67.
Smaller lacunae due to rubbing out text occur on p. 6 (fol. 3v) and p. 109 (55r), respectively.

Skrifarar og skrift
The manuscript is written by one main scribe. Two other hands wrote the rubrics.

The main scribe wrote the manuscript in a clear and neat insular carolingan script.

One scribe wrote the rubrics up to (and including) p. 138 while a second scribe wrote the rest.

Skreytingar

Large flourished initials, spanning nine and eight lines, respectively, occur on pp. 1a and 48a.

Smaller red, green or blue initials, most of them are flourished with a contrasting colour; a few are flourished in the same colour as the initial. These initials take up two lines except from a few in three lines and a single one (p. 123a) in four lines. All the staves of the Þs are extened in the margin.

Dark red majuscules, spanning one line, occur on pp. 190 and 191.

Spássíugreinar og aðrar viðbætur

Árni Magnússon had some blank paper leaves bound with the original parchment book block; these are pp. 11-26 (6r-13v), 59-60 (30r-v), 153-58 (77r-79v) and 161-64 (81r-82v).

Several younger marginalia, most of them dating from the fourteenth and the fifteenth centuries.

The oldest marginal note locating the manuscript is a draft of a letter, written in the middle of the fifteenth century in the bottom margin of p. 107 (fol. 54r): þet se ollum monnum kunnight þæm sæm þetta bref sia æder hỏræ quedi guds ok sine at æk þorstæin ionsson lensmader a hadalande tok þueggia manne witne er ogmunder lauuransson læth ganga a grar a þostdagen nest firir gregorus

In this, as well as in two other drafts on pp. 134 and 138 (fols 67v and 69v) an Ogmundr Lafrantsson is mentioned. On p. 138 Holm-Olsen read: þæt se ollum monnum kunnight þæm sem þettæ bref sea æder hỏræ quedia guds ok sine at omundth lauuransson.

Holm Olsen 1952 22-23 identifies the scribal hand as the one belonging to Ogmundr Lafrantsson who also wield the pen in a diploma written 29 March 1447 in Hadeland, Norway.

Band

Bound in a BD standard binding with leather spine and corners; the boards are covered with olive (green/brown) cloth. Size of binding: 282 mm x 239 mm.

All the leaves have double of holes at the bottom of the inner margin, through which a ribbon of green silk was threaded and attached to the lower pastedown with two red sealing-wax seals. The signets show the initials of B. Møllmann and J. C. Kall, two of the five managers of the Árni Magnússon Foundation (Det Arnamagnæanske Legat) in 1772 and trustees of the endowment in 1760. In all probably they sealed the codex in this way when it was issued on loan for use in the preparation of the 1768 Sorø edition (Kongs-skugg-sio).

Previously bound in a parchment binding, an old sea charter (a so-called Árni Magnússon binding, not earlier than 1712). This is now kept in restoration folder 2 in the box at the Arnamagnæan Collection. During the binding Árni Magnússon removed some information on the original binding.

Fylgigögn

There are six AM-slips: (a)-(f).

On a slip pasted to the front of the manuscript (a), Árni Magnússon informs about the original state of the manuscript: Hier framanvid voru i hryggnum: 1. reſidua 4ra blada ſem hafa vered qver firi ſig ſialft, og ſaumud inn firi ſig ſialf. Þeſſe reif eg burt, þvi þau voro onyt, og hfdu, öefad, vered ſo ſem ſaurbld 2. reſidua 3ia blada framan af fyrſta bokarinnar qvere, ver fſt voru vid hin eptre blden Þeſſe er nu limd: þad fyrſta þar af aptan vid pag. 4. og er þad nu numererad med numeris 5. 6. hin tvö (ſem numeri 7. 8. 9. 10. a ſtanda) til ſamans, og er nu innfeſt firi ſig ſialf og endvidere framanä ſtöd, med velſkrifadre hende, og eigi mig nyrre: Dicitur ab Islando Speculum Regale. Item aliâ manu, eigi illa ritad: Ex dono Generoſi et Magnifici D. Arnoldi Witfeldii poſſidet Jonas Jacobus Venuſinus

The slips (b)-(f) are pasted to the back of the manuscript. (b) and (c) contain information on the lacunae of the last quires of the manuscript.

Slip (b) reads: Deſunt 3ia folia, nempe |1. blad aptanaf næſt fyrer faranda qvere, og eru þeſſ |blads epterstdvar ſynelegar, og fylgia fyrsta |Bladenu i þeſſu qvere. |2o. Vantar hier .2. bld framan af ſidarſta qver|enu, og eru þeirra epterſtdvar i kilnum |glggvar. þad fyrra af þeſſum tveim bldum |hefur var i hryggnum vered faſt vid annad blad |ſem limt hafurde vered ä aptara ſpiallded |bokarennar. er þad beviſning nög, ad þetta qver |hefur vered þad ſidarſta i bökinne. |3to loco hefur i þeſſu ſidarſta qvere ſtaded þad blad ſem hier liggur innani, fylger epter pappirenn og byriar þægar |ængi ꝩærð niðran. enn endazt hꝩæriu hann |æigi at ſꝩara. hefur þad, ſem ſagt er, vered 3ia bladed i þessu qvere, og næst framan |vid innfestinunguna, þvi þradurenn lä faſtur ä þvi. |hafa ſo i þeſſu qvere alldri vered nema 6. bld. |þvi verdr ecki med neinu moti ſied eda räded, |ad innanur þvi hafi tveim bldum kypt vered. ſo þar hafi kunnad i fyrſtunni ad vera |8. eins og i hinum. Non credo niſi 6. fuiſ-|ſe, og ad viſu hefur þetta qver vered |hid ſidarsta i bokinni. id qvod repeto, |ne mihi poſterius ſcrupulum ingerat, |accurate, enim ſingula rimatus ſum.

Slip (c) reads: So hefur þa 4to loco vered i þeſſu qvere |þad blad ſem ſamfaſt hefur vered vid |þetta blad ſem hier liggur innani. eru |þeſſ epter ſtdvar ſynelegar, og hefur þad |öefad vered hid 4da i qverenu, og staded |næſt epter þrädenn i midiu qverenu i kil-|num. |þad næſta blad hier epter er burtſkored, og |hefur vered ſamfast vid þad ſidara bladed |af þeim tveimur, ſem ſtaded hafa næſt |fyrer framan bladed þad ſkrifada ſem hier |liggur innani, þeſſ epterſtdvar voru i i kil -|lnum ſynelegar. þetta blad hefur vered |þad 5ta i qverenu. |Nu kiemur þad ſidarſta bladed i þeſſu ſidar-|ſta qvere, þeſſ epterſtdvar eru ſynelegar, |og hefurvar þad ſamfast vid fyrſta bladed |i þeſſu qvere, þad hefur (sem klärt var ad ſiä) |vered lïmt ä ſidarſta ſpialldet, og alldri neitt |vered ritad ä þä ſiduna ſem fra ſpialldene |horfde. So hafa þä ecki nema .2. af þeim |bldum ſem vantar i þetta qver, aptan |vid þad ſkrifada bladed, ſem hier liggur |innani, vered ritud. þætti mier og likast |ad ſidarſta ſidann af 5ta bladene, |ſu ſem vende at þvi ä ſpiallded limda |bladenu, munde alldri hafa ſkrifud |svered, þvi ſo er optaſt vant ad vera |i fornum bokum. vill ſo af bokinni (ↄ: riti bokarinnar) vanta aftan vid |þad bladed ſem hier liggur innani. eina |sidu, 2.ær eda 3.iar varla fiorar, ſem |adur er tilgeted. Eg ſeige geted, þvi |reſiduna foliorum penultimi et antepenul-|timi voru ſo nærri af skorin ofan i kilenn, |ad ecki kunnu þau neitt hier ur ad greida.

The slips (d)-(f) contain notes concerning remarkable words and phrases from the manuscript.

Uppruni og ferill

Uppruni
Written in Norway, possibly in Bergen by an East Norse or Swedish scribe and can be dated to ca. 1275 ( Holm-Olsen 1947 9-10 ). Kålund's dating: the thirteenth century ( Katalog).
Ferill

The manuscript can earliest be located to Hadeland, Norway, in the middle of the fifteenth century when two names, Þorsteinn Jónsson and Ogmundr Lafrantsson, are found in the marginal notes (see above); the latter a wealthy farmer in Hadeland. Since the notes are in Ogmundr Lafrantsson’s hand it can be presumed that he was the first known owner of the manuscript.

The first Danish owner was the Royal histographer, Arild Huitfeldt, who was born in Norway and lived there until he was ten. It is possible that he acquired the manuscript on one of his travels to Norway, either in 1582 or 1597. Huitfeldt bequeathed the manuscript to his friend, the priest and polymath Jon Jacobsen Venusinus. According to Árni Magnusson’s note in AM 435 a 4to, fol. 147 (see below) the manuscript then belonged to the nobleman Otte Friis who also had Codex Frisianus (AM 45 fol.) and Eirspennill (AM 47 fol.) Both AM 243 bα fol. and the two aforementioned manuscripts later came into the book collector Jens Rosenkrantz' possession.

In AM 435 a 4to fol. 147v this manuscript is described as: Speculum Regale folio. feinged epter EtatsRaad Roſencrantz daudann. hefr, ef eg rett minneſt. fyrrum vered eign Ottonis Friſii, og adur fyrri Hvitfelds og Venuſini. Egregium eſt exemplar, in Norvegiâ, niſi fallor, exaratum.

Aðföng
Árni Magnússon purchased the manuscript at Rosenkrantz' auction in 1695.

Notaskrá

Höfundur: Louis-Jensen, Jonna
Titill: , Kongesagastudier: Kompilationen Hulda-Hrokkinskinna
Umfang: XXXII
Höfundur: Kjeldsen, Alex Speed
Titill: , Filologiske studier i kongesagahåndskriftet Morkinskinna
Umfang: Supplementum 8
Höfundur: Jensen, Helle
Titill: Fragmenter af et kongesagahåndskrift fra det 13. århundrede,
Umfang: s. 24-73
Titill: Katalog over Den Arnamagnæanske Håndskriftsamling
Ritstjóri / Útgefandi: Kålund, Kristian
Titill: Konungs skuggsjá: Speculum regale
Ritstjóri / Útgefandi: Finnur Jónsson
Titill: Konungs skuggsiá, Norrøne tekster
Ritstjóri / Útgefandi: Holm-Olsen, Ludvig
Umfang: I
Höfundur: Holm-Olsen, Ludvig
Titill: De norske håndskriftene av Kongespeilet, Konungs skuggsiá: speculum regale
Ritstjóri / Útgefandi: Holm-Olsen, Ludvig, Seip, Didrik Arup
Umfang: s. 5-21
Höfundur: Overgaard, Mariane
Titill: Manuscripta Rosencrantziana,
Umfang: s. 262-285
Höfundur: Stefán Karlsson
Titill: Islandsk bogeksport til Norge i middelalderen,
Umfang: s. 1-17
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